RESUMO
Solar radiation is free, and very useful input for most sectors such as heat, health, tourism, agriculture, and energy production, and it plays a critical role in the sustainability of biological, and chemical processes in nature. In this framework, the knowledge of solar radiation data or estimating it as accurately as possible is vital to get the maximum benefit from the sun. From this point of view, many sectors have revised their future investments/plans to enhance their profit margins for sustainable development according to the knowledge/estimation of solar radiation. This case has noteworthy attracted the attention of researchers for the estimation of solar radiation with low errors. Accordingly, it is noticed that various types of models have been continuously developed in the literature. The present review paper has mainly centered on the solar radiation works estimated by the empirical models, time series, artificial intelligence algorithms, and hybrid models. In general, these models have needed the atmospheric, geographic, climatic, and historical solar radiation data of a given region for the estimation of solar radiation. It is seen from the literature review that each model has its advantages and disadvantages in the estimation of solar radiation, and a model that gives the best results for one region may give the worst results for the other region. Furthermore, it is noticed that an input parameter that strongly improves the performance success of the models for a region may worsen the performance success of another region. In this direction, the estimation of solar radiation has been separately detailed in terms of empirical models, time series, artificial intelligence algorithms, and hybrid algorithms. Accordingly, the research gaps, challenges, and future directions for the estimation of solar radiation have been drawn in the present study. In the results, it is well-observed that the hybrid models have exhibited more accurate and reliable results in most studies due to their ability to merge between different models for the benefit of the advantages of each model, but the empirical models have come to the fore in terms of ease of use, and low computational costs.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The ambulance service is very important in emergency medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the new governing statuate of private ambulance service and to propose some new ideas. METHODS: We examinated the new governing statuate of private ambulance service, rules of patient transporte between the hospitals and reports written by SSK Goztepe Educational Hospital ambulance drivers. CONCLUTION: We concluded that SSK Goztepe Educational Hospital ambulance drivers have a iot of problems especially at the rules of patient transport between the hospitals and there are some defiencies at the new governing statuate of private ambulance service. RESULTS: We concluded that it is necesssary to manage all the ambulance services in one center; all the private ambulance services have to have a specialist and all these must be determinated by the special rules. Key words: Regulation ofprivate ambulance, emergency head maintanence, ambulance services
Assuntos
Ambulâncias , Medicina de Emergência , Emergências , HumanosRESUMO
Some arterial aneurysm ruptures can be seen during pregnancy. However, spontaneous rupture of the lumbar artery in pregnancy are very rare. In that manuscript we present a 22 year old female who is 8 months pregnant, seen at a peripheral hospital for suspicion of placenta decolmant. When the fetal heart sounds were missed, the patient was transported to our hospital. We reoperated on her as an emergency. We found that a spontaneous rupture of the lumbar artery.
